Reading Like a Historian Document a Answers Iron Curtain

The Fe Historic period was a menstruation in human history that started betwixt 1200 B.C. and 600 B.C., depending on the region, and followed the Stone Age and Bronze Historic period. During the Iron Age, people beyond much of Europe, Asia and parts of Africa began making tools and weapons from fe and steel. For some societies, including Ancient Greece, the start of the Iron Age was accompanied past a period of cultural decline.

Humans may accept smelted atomic number 26 sporadically throughout the Bronze Age, though they likely saw iron as an junior metal. Iron tools and weapons weren't every bit difficult or durable every bit their bronze counterparts.

The employ of atomic number 26 became more widespread after people learned how to make steel, a much harder metallic, by heating iron with carbon. The Hittites—who lived during the Bronze Age in what is now Turkey—may have been the kickoff to make steel.

When Was the Iron Age?

The Iron Age began effectually 1200 B.C. in the Mediterranean region and Near East with the collapse of several prominent Bronze Age civilizations, including the Mycenaean civilisation in Greece and the Hittite Empire in Turkey. Aboriginal cities including Troy and Gaza were destroyed, trade routes were lost and literacy declined throughout the region.

The cause for the collapse of these Bronze Age kingdoms remains unclear. Archaeological evidence suggests a succession of severe droughts in the eastern Mediterranean region over a 150-year menstruum from 1250 to 1100 B.C. likely figured prominently in the plummet. Earthquakes, famine, sociopolitical unrest and invasion by nomadic tribes may also have played a role.

Some experts believe that a disruption in merchandise routes may have caused shortages of the copper or tin used to make bronze around this time. Metallic smiths, as a result, may have turned to fe as an alternative.

Many scholars place the end of the Iron Age in at around 550 BC, when Herodotus, "The Begetter of History," began writing "The Histories," though the end date varies by region. In Scandinavia, it ended closer to 800 Advert with the rise of the Vikings. In Western and Central Europe, the end of the Iron Age is typically identified equally congruent with the Roman conquest during the first century BC.

Greek Night Ages

Greece had get a major hub of activeness and culture on the Mediterranean during the late Bronze Historic period. The Mycenaean civilisation was rich in cloth wealth from trade. Mycenaeans congenital large palaces and a gild with strict grade hierarchy.

Just around 1200 B.C. Mycenaean Greece complanate. Hellenic republic entered a menses of turmoil sometimes called the Greek Dark Ages.

Archaeologists believe there may have been a period of famine in which Hellenic republic'due south population dropped dramatically during this time. Major cities (with the exception of Athens) were abandoned. As urban societies splintered, people moved toward smaller, more than pastoral groups focused on raising livestock.

Mycenaean Greece had been a literate society, simply the Greeks of the early Atomic number 26 Age left no written record, leading some scholars to believe they were illiterate. Few artifacts or ruins remain from the period, which lasted roughly 300 years.

By the late Atomic number 26 Age, the Greek economy had recovered and Hellenic republic had entered its "classical" menstruation. Classical Greece was an era of cultural achievements including the Parthenon, Greek drama and philosophers including Socrates.

The classical menses likewise brought political reform and introduced the globe to a new organisation of regime known as demokratia, or "rule by the people."

Farsi Empire

During the Fe Age in the Near E, nomadic pastoralists who raised sheep, goats and cattle on the Iranian plateau began to develop a state that would become known as Persia.

The Persians established their empire at a time afterward humans had learned to make steel. Steel weapons were sharper and stronger than earlier bronze or rock weapons.

The ancient Persians besides fought on horseback. They may accept been the get-go civilization to develop an armored cavalry in which horses and riders were completely covered in steel armor.

The First Persian Empire, founded by Cyrus the Dandy effectually 550 B.C., became one of the largest empires in history, stretching from the Balkans of Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley in Republic of india.

Atomic number 26 Age In Europe

Life in Iron Age Europe was primarily rural and agricultural. Iron tools fabricated farming easier.

Celts lived across about of Europe during the Atomic number 26 Age. The Celts were a collection of tribes with origins in central Europe. They lived in pocket-sized communities or clans and shared a similar language, religious beliefs, traditions and culture. It's believed that Celtic culture started to evolve as early as 1200 B.C.

The Celts migrated throughout Western Europe—including United kingdom, Ireland, France and Spain. Their legacy remains prominent in Ireland and Peachy Great britain, where traces of their language and culture are withal prominent today.

Iron Age Hill Forts

Aerial view of archway to Quondam Oswestry Colina Fort in the Welsh Marches near Oswestry in north west Shropshire during the Iron Historic period.

English Heritage/Heritage Images/Getty Images

People throughout much of Celtic Europe lived in hill forts during the Iron Age. Walls and ditches surrounded the forts, and warriors defended hill forts against attacks by rival clans.

Within the hill forts, families lived in simple, round houses made of mud and wood with thatched roofs. They grew crops and kept livestock, including goats, sheep, pigs, cows and geese.

Bog Bodies

Hundreds of bog bodies dating back to the Iron Historic period have been discovered across Northern Europe. Bog bodies are corpses that accept been naturally mummified or preserved in peat bogs.

Examples of Iron Age bog bodies include the Tollund Man, plant in Denmark, and the Gallagh Man from Ireland.

The mysterious bog bodies appear to have at least one thing in common: They died fell deaths. For example, Lindow Homo, institute near Manchester, England, appears to have been striking over the head, had his throat slit and was whipped with a rope made of animal sinew before being thrown into the watery bog.

The Celtic tribes had no written language at the time, so they left no record of why these people were killed and thrown in bogs. Some experts believe the bog bodies may accept been ritually killed for religious reasons.

Other Iron Historic period artifacts including swords, cups, and shields have also been found buried in peat bogs. These too may have served as offerings to heathen gods in religious ceremonies led by Druid priests.

Sources:

Greek Night Age; Aboriginal History Encyclopedia.
Overview; Iron Age, 800 BC - Advertizing 43; BBC.
Bog Bodies of the Iron Age; PBS.

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Source: https://www.history.com/topics/pre-history/iron-age

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